This issue has previously been attributed to a Macedonian mint with the portrait identified either as Brutus (Friedlander), Caesar (Grant), or to the governor of Syria, Gaius Sosius (in the trade). RPC presents a case for an origin in northern Turkey, supported by find data, with a suggestion that the portrait is Octavian. Issues of similar portrait style, very likely by the same engraver, include the 'Princeps Felix' coinage from Cilicia (RPC 4082-3).